Achilles as a Classical Hero

Achilles as a Classical Hero Introduction Under classical mythology, one can define a hero as a courageous individual with great strength, widely known and celebrated by his society for his actions which portray exceptional boldness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Achilles as a Classical Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In literature, a hero simply means a person with a character that people need to admire or emulate. S/he therefore possesses all the ideals celebrated, valued and articulated by his/her culture. Heroes exist in all fields; for example, in politics, sports, and struggle for freedom among others. Be it in classical mythology, ordinary literature, or any other field, a hero must possess ordinary characteristics that no other person possesses. Since the judgment of heroic deeds lies in the culture that shapes an individual, different cultures value different traits in their heroes. In literature circles, heroism emanat es from both the culture of the author and the culture to which the hero belongs. Heroism not only focuses on the actions of an individual, but also the reasons behind their actions. According to the Greek culture, a hero must be a man with exceptional warrior characteristics; he should stand above other warriors in the society in all aspects; he must not only show warrior characteristics, but should also be intelligent and good in speech; he should endeavor to shun anything that intends to spoil his repute as a good warrior and finally he should have greater strength and courage than his fellow warriors who should freely acknowledge that he is the best warrior amongst them. These exceptional qualities make him legible for crowning as a leader. In the Greek history, a story is told of a man, Achilles, who possessed characteristics that the Greek culture reserved to heroes. A study of the Greek culture and its comparison to Achilles gives an important revelation: Achilles is a classi cal hero. This essay focuses on Achilles’ deeds and how they contributed towards his heroism. Achilles Heroic Characteristics Achilles is a swift runner. According to Lowrey, this character of swiftness comes out when â€Å"epithets referred to him as a man who was swift footed† (2). Swiftness is an important characteristic for individuals with the desire to excel in war or any other form of physical confrontation. With swiftness, one is able to easily capture or flee from an enemy during war. Besides, such people are able to perform better during competitions aimed at searching for true heroes of a given society. As a result, warriors all over the world cherish this trait and it is through it that Achilles gets crowned as a hero.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides swiftness, Achilles possesses the characteristics of courage. Courage, as a trait enables an individual to do what the ordinary person cannot do on the grounds that, it has negative possible consequences or evokes fear of injury or death (Anderson, 12). As a result, one can take up any challenge regardless of any negative impeding consequences of such actions. The spirit of courageousness enabled Achilles to fight his enemies without fear of possible injury or death. This character trait as a courageous man also enabled him to storm out twelve cities of men both by sea through his ships and by land. Honestly, this is not an easy task! No wonder some of his people describe him as a lion-hearted man. According to Redfield, it is Achilles’ courage â€Å"that made him face any body in battle without fear† (39). In some instances, it is evident that people knew him as a man who ruthlessly and courageously tore his opponents in battle. This task cannot be possible for a timid individual; therefore, because of his courageous nature, Achilles pas ses for a hero. Achilles’ heroic deeds made people revere him so much that they gave him godly characteristics. They regarded him as a man who commanded fear all over because his actions evoked feelings of fear and terror (Jaeger, 35). This attitude of people towards Achilles portrays him as a special man deserving a special kind of treatment. His ability to break his opponents when at war and his physical superiority over all other warriors paints a picture of someone who elicits fear at his appearance. The fact that all other warriors fear and consider him as the best warrior explains why the society treats him with much reverence; he is a classical hero. Besides the reverence that people have towards him, Achilles has always been a source of fear before his enemies. This trait has always made him scary before his opponents. One of the goddesses in the Greek culture, goddess Hera reveals that the Trojans, who are rivals to Achilles’ community, tremble at the mention of Achilles. In yet another instance Patrocus refers to Achilles as a man â€Å"who is by far greater than the Achileans† (Lowrey, 2). As such, Patrocus says that none of the Achileans can surmount any kind of physical challenge to him. Such a statement not only cements the godly character of Achilles, but also confirms people’s belief in him as a man with significant superiority over his peers and opponents where it really matters. Based on these two instances it is quite clear that Achilles is a hero.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Achilles as a Classical Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The experience that Achilles undergoes while in Combat clearly brings out his heroic characteristics. As Achilles describes his combat experiences, the audience feels how he was â€Å"devoted to his people, fighting on their behalf to ensure that they enjoy their lives† (Lowrey, 3). In his expla nation, it is evident that Achilles spent so many sleepless nights throughout the time of war. He even loses his own blood during the war on behalf of his people; however, this damaging event or his weariness could not discourage him from fighting for the wellbeing of his people; a true character of a hero. He instead, continues to fight on without any fear of injury or death till the end of the war. From these actions, it is vivid that Achilles was a man with exceptional character and deserved to be honored as a hero. While in Combat, Achilles also reveals that all his selflessness and determination in war have seen him through difficulties. Selfness as a character trait refers to the ability of an individual to care not only about his own welfare, but also the welfare of others who are bound to benefit from his/her efforts no matter how small they may be. From the way Achilles describes his life during the war, one can tell that he possessed a selfless character. This selfless cha racter clearly comes out during the war period. Referring to this period, Achilles says that he put â€Å"everything aside and struggled with other warriors during the battle only for the sake of the women of his fellow men† (Seamus, 1883). The move by Achilles to consider the wellbeing of women belonging to other men exposes him as somebody who does not think of self gain out of his struggle. In addition, the fact that he is not married at the time of battle further proves that indeed, he is a selfless character. According to the Greek culture, selflessness is a trait of heroes; therefore, Achilles’ selflessness qualifies him to be a classical hero. Besides selflessness, Achilles possesses an enduring character. Endurance refers to the ability of an individual to persevere pain or suffering with the hope of achieving success in the end of the struggle. Achilles’ ability to endure comes out when he talks about the experience he had in Combat during the war time. During this trying period, he says that he spent sleepless nights for many days. This was because of his alertness against potential attack by their opponents and only endurance can help an individual to ward off sleep. Besides his sleeplessness, Achilles lost his own blood, not mentioning the pain he underwent through when he sustained the bloody injuries.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite these sufferings in sleeplessness and loss of blood through injury, Achilles continued to fight on for the welfare of his people and in the end, he won the battle. It is this relentless spirit that enabled Achilles to emerge victorious in many wars against their enemies and therefore, his perseverance during war portrays him as a classical hero. Finally, the case of Achilles and Agamemnon also proves Achilles’ heroic characteristics. Achilles’ acts of heroism had earlier won him a much coveted prize. It however emerges that Agamemnon tried to take this prize away from Achilles in exchange of expensive gifts; seven strongholds and a daughter of as wife. Conventionally, these attractive offers by Agamemnon would obviously compel Achilles to consider taking the gifts in lieu of the coveted prize. However, to the surprise of many, Achilles handles this situation in the most rational manner; using his intelligence, he discovers that accepting these gifts would serve to show his acceptance of Agamemnon’s superior status; therefore, he refuses to take the gifts and the bride offer and instead decides to protect his higher status of heroism. To Achilles, heroism consists not in the abundance of material things or wives per se, but in character; enduring character. Very few people can readily make such an informed decision. This intelligent move by Achilles is in line with what the Greece culture expects from heroes like him. Consequently, these adherences to the Greek cultural values that govern heroism help bring out Achilles status as a genuine hero. Conclusion Heroism is a highly coveted trait in all the cultures across the continents. Before the relevant authorities crown an individual as a hero, they consider his/her achievements which should be extraordinary. In one such culture, the Greek, heroism is a function of an individual’s intelligence, physical appearances, physical capability and his contribution as a warrior in the battlefield. The Greek culture also requires that as a hero, one should always be ready to guard his superior status no matter the consequences or benefits that one would gain by conceding his superiority. Achilles is a classical hero according to the Greek culture mainly because he possesses all the characteristics needed to qualify an individual as a true hero. Achilles has physical superiority, has outstanding warrior characteristics that his fellow warriors readily acknowledge and he is not ready to relinquish his superior status; not even with a promise of expensive gifts and a bewitching bride. Anderson, William S. The Art of the Aeneid. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1969. Jaeger, Werner. Paideia: The Ideals of Greek Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939. Lowrey, Belen. â€Å"The Hero as a Reflection of Culture.† Journal of Ancient Spartan and  Greek History 23.9 (2005): 1-12. Redfield, James. Nature and Culture in the Iliad. Chicago: The Unive rsity of Chicago Press, 1975. Seamus, Heaney. The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2006. 1880- 1903.

Situational Analysis Of The Golf Growth In Italy Tourism Essay Essays

Situational Analysis Of The Golf Growth In Italy Tourism Essay Essays Situational Analysis Of The Golf Growth In Italy Tourism Essay Essay Situational Analysis Of The Golf Growth In Italy Tourism Essay Essay In this paper I would wish to analyse the state of affairs of golf growing and its increasing popularity between people. Our purpose is to demo state of affairs of golf as a sort of athletics integrating into touristry. Recently, the specializers are speaking about the development of internal and external touristry. The inquiries about the demand to increase the quantitative indexs, by simplifying visa processs, making and keeping an attractive image of the state for foreign tourers are examined. However, all members of the tourer market understand that in the first topographic point, it is necessary to better the quality and scope of services in this market. And this, as a consequence, will heighten a greater figure of consumers of the domestic market and it will be another extra inducement to go to our state of foreign tourers. I should observe that the United States Tourism Development of State Department has determined that the golf class it s one of those countries, which presence demonstrates the version for tourers of unknown environment of the state to clear criterions. Each golf class is alone, what makes followings of golf attempt to coerce new Fieldss, thereby promoting them to go. In other words, holding a golf class demonstrates the high degree of comfort and services in the part, every bit good as an apprehension of these criterions by host and by client. The word golf is associated with the green Fieldss with low-cropped grass and little groups of people who chased the ball from the hole to hole. Today there are more than 70 million people playing golf. This athletics is turning. Harmonizing to Ketzscher and Ringrose ( 2002 ) we see that statistics show that in Asia 3,580 golf classs in Australia -1955, in Europe 5020 in North America -17,538 in Africa 542 ( if desired can be played on a individual field in the poorest state in the universe Chad ) . To day of the month, North America and Japan are occupied a dominant market place. Supporting of the field requires considerable outgo associated with the day-to-day cost of sod, landscape fix and care of the fleet. Golf roar in the late 80 s of Twenty century in Europe and the United States, on the one manus, helped many husbandmans to get away from ruin, turning land into manicured lawns, golf classs. That was plenty for a profitable concern. This tendency started in the early of last century. The game is built on the rule of a big field, but it uses 18 Fieldss. Mini Golf does non necessitate particular accomplishments and preparation, and a low fee has made it low-cost for about everyone. Exploitation of sites is simple, requires no particular capital investing, land acquisition and particular making. Attraction rapidly pays for itself, because you can really play the whole twelvemonth. Mini Golf is divided into unreal differentiation, or assorted ( artificial-natural ) coverage. Therefore, a landscape of mini-golf class is considered one of the most beautiful and esteemed one. In May 2009 the Italian Tourism Board launched a run aimed at increasing the state s figure of golf resorts, which should involvement potency investors. This was reported in the Journal of Golf North East. Golf A ; More a run aimed at advancing the thought of golf in parts such as Liguria, Toscana, Sardegna, Sicilia, Bolzano and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Golf is one of the chief attractive elements in the development of touristry in the part. The Italian authorities has decided to put over 400 million euros in the development of golf resorts on the Mediterranean seashore of the southern states of Italy. This was done to assist these parts to maintain up with the already bing golf classs, such as Spain, Portugal and other traditional tourer finishs in Italy: Venice, Florence and Rome. Golf resorts are of involvement non merely fans of the game: the golf class following to a residential composite ensures a beautiful position out the window and low-interest lodging. Many states have started to construct golf resorts to pull more vacationists and year-round development of touristry. These states include Portugal, Turkey, UAE, Cyprus, non to advert Spain. Italy is a little state with a really comfy clime and a rich historical heritage. Demand for belongings in Italy will ever be, but the proposal is rather limited. Attracting tourers in Italy are non required. Why is there such exhilaration about golf? Italy is seeking to follow the manner universe on golf resorts, or for their visual aspect there are nonsubjective grounds? In Italy, 258 golf classs and merely approximately 80 000 registered golf players. Golf it s still non an Italian athletics. And this despite the fact that you can play here all twelvemonth unit of ammunition. In Italy, golf is treated as a athletics for rich prig. This is partially due to the fact that virtually all the clubs private and public, and there are non municipal Fieldss. Italians love association football, good nutrient and vino, vocals, frock up and go by auto bewildering design Italians love beautiful life. Therefore, traveling to Italy for the development of new golf classs would be sensible to take the clip to acquire acquainted with local gustatory sensations. The unchallenged leader in quality and measure of golf classs is an country of Lakes ( Como, Garda, Maggiore, Lugano ) . Plenty of good Fieldss are in Piedmont, around Venice, Tuscany, Emilia Romagna and around Rome. Three golf classs are located in Sardinia. Congestion golf Italy is low. To happen Tea Time o n weekdays, no job. On weekends and vacations is harder and free clip you will be offered, most likely in the afternoon. I think that the creative activity of golf resorts is non connected with the desire of the governments to do the state more and more popular. Construction of a big figure of golf classs non merely in Italy but besides everyplace in the universe it does non add more sites to increase the flow of tourers. It s merely a healthy tendency said Gennady Gabrielian. Golf and life, matching to this sort of athletics, are suppressing more Black Marias and heads. Analyzing the academic literature I examined that the job of Italy that the Southern parts of the state are non attractive for tourers. Strawn ( 2010 ) stated that 100s stat mis of coastline stretching along the sea, but most tourers visit Rome, a metropolis of Tuscany or Venice. Therefore, pulling tourers to the southern zone by the development of golf concern would be a solution of the job. Luigi Rota Caremoli is Italian golf designer see Italian scenery really attractive for playing golf. He said approximately good conditions status, geographical place of Italy which give an first-class chance to populate in the leafy vegetables . Over the past two decades the state of affairs with golf classs in Italy has changed dramatically. Previously, the game of golf has been distributed merely among the elite, but now it is popular besides among ordinary people. Harmonizing to McGrath, McCormick A ; Garrity ( 2006 ) , we see that every twelvemonth the figure of golf players increased by 3 % . Beard ( 1982 ) stated that the golf took his start in Italy from the first Italian international tourney where the victor was Costantino Rocca. The golf designer Dr Wilfried Mroder said about development of golf in Italy that national pride began from the triumph of Costantino Rocca in 1995 Open Championship. His follower is Italian amateur Matteo Manassero. The visual aspect of new golf channel on Television, newspapers began write more about well-known Matteo Manassero: all these factors indicates on developing popularity of golf in Italy. Matteo Silvestri indicates that the jobs of golf development in Italy are in bureaucratism of the state. Many political relations try to ignorance these jobs. The 2nd job is in cost of golf practising which is high with comparing of other sorts of athletics. So many people think that this game is a privilege of rich people. But politicians do non take into consideration the edifice of golf classs for touristry particularly during the best months of a twelvemonth. Apostolopoulos A ; Gayle ( 2002 ) besides indicate that there are some jobs with constructing golf classs. Environmental groups show a great opposition to it. Several proposals are under consideration in the authorities for a long clip. One of them is at that place for 18 old ages and has received no positive or negative response. So, what chief aims of developing golf in Italy can we see? As I have already examined the large trade is tourist deduction. World Golf touristry is estimated to be worth more than $ 20 billion yearly. About 50 million Golf tourers going around the universe, playing on 32,000 Fieldss. In the U.S. entirely there are 25 million golf players, more than 8 million in Europe, and Asiatic protagonists of the game grow exponentially. Besides an of import point is, that the developers have realized that the house being sold on a golf class make an extra net income in the premium section. Homebuyers like to be in nature ( well-dressed golf class ) and at the same clip in a topographic point of amusement. Williams ( 2003 ) believed that golf can travel into new parts with new engineerings of building and care. Most proprietors of golf resorts know and expect that their Fieldss become profitable, if non instantly, so surely in the close hereafter. Golf can be a beginning of pride for the developer and proprietor. Municipalities can be invested in golf resorts non merely for amusement. A good illustration here is the golf class Chambers Bay, Washington State, Pierce County. Local governments have transformed an abandoned prey at the golf class. At this field was US Open for amateurs this twelvemonth, and in 2015 will be held US Open -golf title among professionals. They expect this event to convey $ 100 million in gross to the exchequer of the municipality. Methodology of making golf classs needs particular attending. I should emphasize the major points as economic and physiographic parametric quantities. Economic parametric quantities consist of such issues. In most instances, a golf class is portion of a major tourer installation or other existent belongings for assorted intents. Taking this into history when choosing the site for building of a golf class, you must see two factors: the intent of building a golf class and land values. Economic parametric quantities are most important in finding the country under building, depending on whether it is portion of the tourer composite, private closed nine or a public establishment. Often, most golf classs being built in topographic points where there is the possible development of tourer concern, or attractive force to this game population that lives in the selected countries. Depending on the bing premises and the presence of the mark audience, choice of a suited topographic point for edifice plays a cardinal function in accomplishing undertaking success. The cost of land and building costs depend on the farness of the site chosen from a big colony. On the one manus, the value of suburban countries in big industrialised metropoliss is really high and the building of private or municipal Fieldss on their district is complicated, although the possible benefits of such a field can be much greater than on the field in a distant country. On the other manus, the value of land outside the metropolis is much lower, but increases the cost of building due to transit of equipment and supplies. There are six major physiographic factors that well affect the pick of object: size of the district ; topography of the country ; dirt type ; natural drainage ; flora ; beginnings of H2O and electricity. Size of the country depends on topography, site constellation, planned length of the field, the figure and size of bing trees, pools, lakes, rivers, the size of the planned dividing zones between the holes, the estimated figure of edifices ( hotel, athleticss composite, parking, etc. ) . When planing a golf composite, which includes drive scope, nine, parking installations for staff and hotel demand in the size of district varies in the scope from 65 hectares to 80 hectares. Designed by golf class is straight depending on the terrain. This factor, more than any other, affects the overall visual aspect of the field and his personality. The undertaking of interior decorators is the choice of such a signifier and location of Wellss, which will necessitate the least intercession into the bing natural landscape, which is due to the economic feasibleness and demands for the preservation of natural ecological conditions. Construction of golf classs on the high land is much simpler and cheaper than in the Lowlandss. Harmonizing to Parkes ( 1996 ) it becomes obvious that inordinate humidness in the field, particularly after intense rains may take to cancellation of the game for a long period with all its effects the decrease of gross revenues, the dissatisfaction of the nine members, participants and the similar. Volume and distance of objects of energy supply ( fuel, electricity, sewage, imbibing H2O beginning ) should match to the planned site substructure, given its continued operation. Availability and quality of H2O one of the most critical factors in taking a site for building. The chief standards a minimal sum of available H2O per unit of clip, the entire sum of available H2O quality and cost. The ethical issue of golf classs appears when we begin to talk about environment. There is a standard statement against the development of golf classs argues that the golf class encroaches on unfastened infinite and reduces the impact of natural wildlife. Certain, there are cases of the golf class built on the incorrect topographic point, reverse to environmental Torahs and land usage. Such jobs arise when the serious concern of planing and constructing golf classs do laymans. In fact, golf classs provide and maintain valuable green infinite. So developers of golf industry must take into consideration particular restrictions. Therefore, taking into history the above discussed information it is possible to reason that the golf touristry is a comfortable way of development for many states presents. A situational analysis of the golf growing in Italy and its deductions in touristry development shows us that Italy is ready to go a golf state and it would pull tourer non merely by ain beautiful sceneries and architectural edifices, but besides by golf Fieldss and chance to be involved in this new sort of activity. Work cited: Apostolopoulos, Y. A ; Gayle, D. ( 2002 ) . Island Tourism and Sustainable Development: Caribbean, Pacific, and Mediterranean Experiences. Praeger. Beard, J.B. ( 1982 ) . Turfgrass Management for Golf Courses. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Brasch, R. ( 1970 ) . How did athleticss get down? : A expression at the beginnings of adult male at drama. McKay. Cochran, A. A ; Stobbs, J. ( 1969 ) The hunt for the perfect swing. New York: J.P. Lippincott Co. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.golfalot.com Ketzscher, R. and Ringrose, T. ( 2002 ) . Exploratory Analysis of European Professional Golf Association Statistics.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series D ( The Statistician ) , Vol. 51, No. 2 ( 2002 ) , pp. 215-228. McGrath, C. , McCormick, D. A ; Garrity, J. ( 2006 ) . The ultimate golf book. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Parkes, M. ( 1996, April ) . Golf Courses Benefit the Environment. Parks A ; Recreation, Vol. 31. Strawn, J. ( 2010, February 1 ) . Golf Tourism in Italy. Retrieved hypertext transfer protocol: //johnstrawn.com/golf/golf/160/golf-tourism-in-italy Williams, M. ( 2003, July ) . The Golf Craze: Health and Networking Benefits Attract More Than a Million Players. Ebony, Vol. 58.